Antibiotics residues in pig slurry and manure and its environmental contamination potential. A meta-analysis

Abstract Livestock excrements are used as natural fertilizer, in the form of manure or slurry, to provide nutrients and organic matter arable soils. However, it is potentially contaminated with antibiotics residues, livestock farming prevent diseases (and thus animal losses), well increase animals’ body weight. This poses a contamination risk surrounding environments. Therefore, we quantitatively evaluated data from 57 peer-reviewed articles published over past 20 years generate an overview residues manure, soils, plants, water. Our results revealed that pig mostly European countries, contained fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines. Furthermore, husbandry found contaminate environments, exceeding proposed EU threshold value for maximal environmental by veterinary soil many countries. In samples, highest contents tetracyclines sulfonamides were detected UK (41 ± 18 ?g/kg 300 10 ?g/kg, respectively) Austria (370 ?g/kg) fluoroquinolones. water low amounts most countries (< 2 ?g/L), content fluoroquinolones USA (3 0.7 ?g/L 1.3 0.6 ?g/L, Germany (0.3 0.8 0.2 respectively). accumulation was China, Germany, Spain (> 50 ?g/kg). no significant specificity these country continent could be observed. It urgent use significantly reduced order diminish their potential